Definition of adaptogens? Nothing easier! And nothing more difficult at the same time.

Simply put, adaptogens support adaptation processes. When we are exposed to stress, when we face hostile conditions, danger or exhaustion, our body always naturally strives to “adapt” and regain its internal balance, that is, homeostasis. Adaptogens, among other things, support and balance the body’s response to stress (e.g. supporting a stable hormonal balance, normalizing reactions), reducing sensitivity to stress factors, prolonging the phase of immunity or strengthening the stress-weakened body, immunizing it against diseases.

At the same time, the effect of adaptogens escapes pharmacological or clinical categories and terms. It is too broad, often too difficult to measure and not specific enough to be included in medical textbooks. On the other hand, kanon plants forming adaptogens is still open and constantly discussed. New research is also emerging on the homeostatic properties of specific plants; Kava and its kavalactones are a great example here. Despite these difficulties, science is still trying to define or categorize adaptogens and describe the framework for their unique properties.

The term adaptogen was first formulated in 1940 as part of N. Lazarev’s research on Chinese magnolia-vine (Schisandra chinensis). According to the definition proposed at the time, adaptogens of plant origin must meet the 3 basic criteria.

By neutralizing the effects of stress (physical, chemical, or biological), adaptogens act non-specifically. Their impact cannot be attributed to specific reactions of specific organs. After all, the body does not adapt to exceptional conditions in a fragmented way, but holistically, always striving for a state of full balance. And so we come to the next point.

Adaptogens support the achievement of homeostasis of the body, i.e. their function is to balance and counteract disorders caused by external stress. Importantly, adapting the body to stress is a process rather than a sharp, short-term state of arousal, such as caffeine.

Finally, and most importantly: adaptogens cannot harm the normal functions of the body. Although at this point there is a somewhat abstract, Hypocrateian principle of “first of all do no harm”, this is all very practical: adaptogens cannot be toxic. They must not have side effects or cause addiction. They must also not cause over-stimulation and normal perception and reactions of the body must remain undisturbed.